Indian Institute of Technology Madras
BS Degree Programme · Examination & Study Paper
Machine Learning Techniques
Quiz 1 · 26 Oct 2025 (Afternoon)
Examination Instructions & Guidelines
- Solve on notebook/paper first before checking solutions.
- MCQ: Exactly 1 option is correct. Negative marking applies.
- MSQ: One or more options correct. Select all to score.
- NAT: Numerical response. No negative marking.
- Scientific calculator allowed for all calculations.
- Official answer key is sealed at the end of this sheet.
- Q1MSQ2 Marks·Choose all correct options
Which among the following is true with respect to the Lloyds’ algorithm?
- AIt always converges.
- BIt may fail to converge for an initialization while it may converge for other initialization.
- CIt is sensitive to outliers.
- DThe solution produced is always the optimal.
- Q2MSQ4 Marks·Choose all correct options

- AThere will be 50 non-zero eigenvalues of the covariance matrix.
- BThere will be 6 non-zero eigenvalues of the covariance matrix.
- CUsing the first 5 principal components, the dataset can be reconstructed with zero residue.
- DThe variance captured by the top 6 principal components equals the total variance of the dataset.
- Q3MSQ4 Marks·Choose all correct options

- AThe points (0, 2), (2, 0), and (2, 2) have the equal probability of being chosen as the second cluster center.
- BThe probability of selecting (2, 2) as the second cluster center is twice that of selecting (0, 2).
- CIf (2, 2) is chosen as the second cluster center, the algorithm will always converge in one iteration.
- DThe tie-breaking rule will affect the final cluster centers.
- Q4MSQ4 Marks·Choose all correct options

- APosterior mean for Beta(1, 1) is 0.039.
- BPosterior mean for Beta(1, 1) is 0.03.
- CPosterior mean for Beta(0.5, 0.5) is 0.025.
- DPosterior mean for Beta(0.5, 0.5) is 0.034.
- Q5MSQ3 Marks·Choose all correct options
Which of the following are valid kernel functions? Select all that apply.
- A

- B

- C

- D

- A
- Q6NAT3 Marks·Write the number
Your answer: - Q7NAT3 Marks·Write the number
Your answer: Read the passage below, then answer Q8–Q10

Based on the above data, answer the given subquestions.
Q8MCQ2 Marks·Choose one optionWhat is the covariance matrix of the dataset?
- A

- B

- C

- D

- A
- Q9NAT2 Marks·Write the number
If standard PCA is performed on this dataset, what is the variance along the first principal component? Enter the answer correct to one decimal place.
Your answer: - Q10NAT2 Marks·Write the number
If standard PCA is performed on this dataset, what is the variance along the second principal component? Enter the answer correct to one decimal place.
Your answer: Read the passage below, then answer Q11–Q12

Based on the above data, answer the given subquestions.
Q11MCQ3 Marks·Choose one option
- A

- B

- C

- D

- A
- Q12NAT3 Marks·Write the number
Your answer: Read the passage below, then answer Q13–Q14

Based on the above data, answer the given subquestions.
Q13MCQ3 Marks·Choose one optionPerform K-means clustering with K = 2 and initial cluster centers at (−2, 3) and (2,−1). What are the final means of clusters after convergence?
- A

- B

- C

- D

- A
- Q14NAT2 Marks·Write the number
Suppose we introduce a new data point (0, 0) to the existing dataset and perform K means with the same initial cluster centers. How many iterations would it require now for convergence?
Your answer: