Indian Institute of Technology Madras
BS Degree Programme · Examination & Study Paper
Database Management Systems
Most repeated questions
Examination Instructions & Guidelines
- Solve on notebook/paper first before checking solutions.
- MCQ: Exactly 1 option is correct. Negative marking applies.
- MSQ: One or more options correct. Select all to score.
- NAT: Numerical response. No negative marking.
- Scientific calculator allowed for all calculations.
- Official answer key is sealed at the end of this sheet.
Type 1 · asked 5 times · Recovery, logs & backup
Count backup sets to load for full recovery from a backup schedule
- Q1MCQ2 Marks·Choose one optionEnd Term · 22 Dec 2024 (AN)Key ↓

- A5
- B4
- C3
- D2
- Q2MCQ2 Marks·Choose one optionEnd Term · 22 Dec 2024 (FN)Key ↓

- A5
- B4
- C3
- D6
- Q3MCQ2 Marks·Choose one optionEnd Term · 13 Apr 2025 (AN)Key ↓

- A4
- B5
- C6
- D3
- Q4MCQ2 Marks·Choose one optionEnd Term · 13 Apr 2025 (FN)Key ↓

- A4
- B5
- C6
- D7
- Q5NAT2 Marks·Write the numberEnd Term · 31 Aug 2025 (FN)Key ↓
Your answer:
Type 2 · asked 5 times · Functional dependencies & keys
Pick FDs that hold in a given relation instance
- Q6MSQ2 Marks·Choose all correct optionsEnd Term · 22 Dec 2024 (AN)Key ↓
Which of the following functional dependencies hold in the Students table?- A

- B

- C

- D

- A
- Q7MSQ2 Marks·Choose all correct optionsEnd Term · 22 Dec 2024 (FN)Key ↓

- A

- B

- C

- D

- A
- Q8MCQ2 Marks·Choose one optionEnd Term · 13 Apr 2025 (AN)Key ↓

- A

- B

- C

- D

- A
- Q9MSQ2 Marks·Choose all correct optionsEnd Term · 13 Apr 2025 (FN)Key ↓

- A

- B

- C

- D

- A
- Q10MSQ2 Marks·Choose all correct optionsEnd Term · 31 Aug 2025 (FN)Key ↓

- A

- B

- C

- D

- A
Type 3 · asked 5 times · Entity-relationship model
Read cardinality and participation statements from an ER diagram
- Q11MSQ3 Marks·Choose all correct optionsEnd Term · 22 Dec 2024 (FN)Key ↓

- AA bank offers more than one loan
- BAn account is managed by more than one bank
- CEvery loan must be availed by at least one customer
- DEvery customer must be holding at least one account
- Q12MSQ2 Marks·Choose all correct optionsEnd Term · 13 Apr 2025 (AN)Key ↓
Consider the following Entity Relationship Diagram:
Choose the correct statements.- AA bank can provide exactly one ATM machine
- BAn ATM card can be used by multiple customers
- CA customer can use multiple ATM cards
- DAn ATM card can be inserted in many ATM machines
- Q13MSQ2 Marks·Choose all correct optionsEnd Term · 13 Apr 2025 (FN)Key ↓
Consider the following Entity Relationship Diagram:
Choose the correct statements.- AA bank can provide more than one ATM machine
- BAn ATM card is used by only one customer
- CA customer can use only one ATM card
- DAn ATM card can be inserted in many ATM machines
- Q14MSQ2 Marks·Choose all correct optionsEnd Term · 31 Aug 2025 (FN)Key ↓

- A

- B

- C

- D

- A
- Q15MSQ3 Marks·Choose all correct optionsQuiz 1 · 26 Oct 2025 (AN)Key ↓

- AThere might exist an item that has not been produced by any company
- BThere might exist a customer who has not ordered any item
- CAn item can be ordered by multiple customers
- DAn item cannot be produced by more than one company
Type 4 · asked 4 times · Recovery, logs & backup
Find values of data items on disk after a crash from given log records
- Q16MCQ3 Marks·Choose one optionEnd Term · 22 Dec 2024 (AN)Key ↓

- A

- B

- C

- D

- A
- Q17MCQ3 Marks·Choose one optionEnd Term · 22 Dec 2024 (FN)Key ↓

- AA = 1000, B = 750, C = 1700, D = 710
- BA = 1000, B = 750, C = 1700, D = 690
- CA = 1000, B = 350, C = 1700, D = 710
- DA = 1000, B = 350, C = 1700, D = 690
- Q18NAT3 Marks·Write the numberEnd Term · 13 Apr 2025 (AN)Key ↓
Your answer: - Q19NAT3 Marks·Write the numberEnd Term · 13 Apr 2025 (FN)Key ↓
Your answer:
Type 5 · asked 4 times · Query processing & join cost
Find inner relation blocks from block nested-loop join cost
- Q20NAT3 Marks·Write the numberEnd Term · 22 Dec 2024 (AN)Key ↓
Consider a Block nested loop join for the two relations, instructor and department. Assuming the worst-case memory availability and instructor as the outer relation, the provided details are as follows:
What is the number of blocks in the inner relations?Your answer: - Q21NAT3 Marks·Write the numberEnd Term · 22 Dec 2024 (FN)Key ↓
Consider a Block nested loop join for the two relations, instructor and department. Assuming the worst-case memory availability and instructor as the outer relation, the provided details are as follows: • Total number of block transfers: 25000 • Total number of seeks required: 500 • Number of block in the outer relation: 250 What is the number of blocks in the inner relation?
Your answer: - Q22NAT3 Marks·Write the numberEnd Term · 13 Apr 2025 (AN)Key ↓
Your answer: - Q23NAT3 Marks·Write the numberEnd Term · 13 Apr 2025 (FN)Key ↓
Your answer:
Type 6 · asked 4 times · Normal forms & decomposition
Check lossless join, dependency preservation and NF of a decomposition
- Q24MCQ3 Marks·Choose one optionEnd Term · 22 Dec 2024 (AN)Key ↓

- AThe decomposition of R into R1 and R2 is dependency preserving.
- BThe decomposition of R into R1 and R2 is lossless.
- CThe schema R1 is in 3NF.
- DThe schema R2 is in 2NF.
- Q25MSQ3 Marks·Choose all correct optionsEnd Term · 22 Dec 2024 (FN)Key ↓

- AThe decomposition of R into R1 and R2 is dependency preserving.
- BThe decomposition of R into R1 and R2 is lossless.
- CThe schema R1 is in 3NF.
- DThe schema R2 is in 2NF.
- Q26MCQ3 Marks·Choose one optionQuiz 2 · 3 Aug 2025 (AN)Key ↓

- AThe decomposition is lossless and dependency preserving
- BThe decomposition is lossy and dependency preserving
- CThe decomposition is lossless but not dependency preserving
- DThe decomposition is lossy and not dependency preserving
- Q27MSQ3 Marks·Choose all correct optionsEnd Term · 31 Aug 2025 (FN)Key ↓

- A

- B

- C

- D

- A
Type 7 · asked 4 times · Relational model & relational algebra
Pick RA/TRC/DRC expressions for an English query on a given schema
- Q28MSQ3 Marks·Choose all correct optionsEnd Term · 22 Dec 2024 (AN)Key ↓

- A

- B

- C

- D

- A
- Q29MSQ3 Marks·Choose all correct optionsEnd Term · 22 Dec 2024 (FN)Key ↓

- A

- B

- C

- D

- A
- Q30MSQ2 Marks·Choose all correct optionsEnd Term · 13 Apr 2025 (AN)Key ↓

- A

- B

- C

- D

- A
- Q31MSQ2 Marks·Choose all correct optionsEnd Term · 13 Apr 2025 (FN)Key ↓

- A

- B

- C

- D

- A
Type 8 · asked 3 times · Recovery, logs & backup
Decide undo/redo/ignore for transactions around a checkpoint and failure
- Q32MSQ3 Marks·Choose all correct optionsEnd Term · 22 Dec 2024 (AN)Key ↓
Consider a state of transactions as shown in Figure 3.
Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct according to the given figure?- AT1 can be ignored and T3 needs to be redone.
- BT4 and T5 need to be undone.
- CT1 needs to be redone and T4 can be undone.
- DT2 needs to be undone and T4 needs to be redone.
- Q33MSQ3 Marks·Choose all correct optionsEnd Term · 22 Dec 2024 (FN)Key ↓

- AT2 can be ignored and T3 needs to be redone.
- BT4 needs to be undone and T5 needs to be redone.
- CT1 needs to be redone and T4 can be undone.
- DT3 needs to be undone and T4 needs to be redone.
- Q34MSQ3 Marks·Choose all correct optionsEnd Term · 31 Aug 2025 (FN)Key ↓

- AT0 and T1 can be ignored.
- BT0,T1, T2 and T3 can be ignored.
- CT4 need to be undone.
- DT0 and T3 need to be redone.
Type 9 · asked 3 times · Transactions & serializability
Check conflict serializability and 2PL-lockability of a schedule
- Q35MCQ3 Marks·Choose one optionEnd Term · 13 Apr 2025 (AN)Key ↓
Consider the following schedule S. S:W1(A), W3(A), W3(C), R2(A), W2(A), W1(B), W3(B) Consider the following statements. Statement 1: The given schedule S is Conflict serializable. Statement 2: All Conflict serializable schedules are 2-P lockable. Statement 3: The given schedule is 2-P lockable. Which of the following options is correct?
- AStatement 1 is true and statement 3 is false
- BStatement 2 is true and statement 3 is false
- CStatements 1 and 2 are true
- DAll these statements are true.
- Q36MSQ3 Marks·Choose all correct optionsEnd Term · 13 Apr 2025 (FN)Key ↓

- ASchedule S is conflict serializable.
- BSchedule S can be two-phase lockable.
- CTwo phase lockable schedule are always serializable schedule.
- DSchedule S is not View Serializable
- Q37MSQ3 Marks·Choose all correct optionsEnd Term · 31 Aug 2025 (FN)Key ↓

- ASchedule S can not be two-phase lockable.
- BSchedule S can be two-phase lockable.
- CSchedule S can be strict two-phase lockable.
- DSchedule S is conflict serializable.
Type 10 · asked 3 times · Transactions & serializability
Count conflict-equivalent serial schedules of a given schedule
Type 11 · asked 3 times · Functional dependencies & keys
Count the super keys of a relation from its FD set
Type 12 · asked 3 times · Relational model & relational algebra
Pick relational algebra expressions equivalent to a project-select-join
Type 13 · asked 3 times · Storage: disks, RAID & buffers
Count page faults for a buffer replacement policy (LRU/MRU)
- Q47NAT3 Marks·Write the numberEnd Term · 13 Apr 2025 (AN)Key ↓
Your answer: - Q48NAT3 Marks·Write the numberEnd Term · 13 Apr 2025 (FN)Key ↓
Consider a system using the Least Recently Used (LRU) page replacement policy. The system has a main memory buffer with 4 slots, and the page reference sequence is as follows: 3, 4, 1, 4, 2, 3, 1, 4, 2, 3 Calculate the total number of page misses (page faults) during this sequence.
Your answer: - Q49MCQ4 Marks·Choose one optionQuiz 2 · 3 Aug 2025 (AN)Key ↓

- A8
- B9
- C10
- D11
Type 14 · asked 3 times · B+ trees, BSTs & multilevel index
Max and min number of keys in the root of a B+ tree of order n
- Q50MCQ2 Marks·Choose one optionEnd Term · 22 Dec 2024 (AN)Key ↓
Consider a non-empty B+-tree of order 16. What are the maximum and minimum number of keys that can be placed in the root node?
- Amax. number of keys = 15, min. number of keys = 8.
- Bmax. number of keys = 15, min. number of keys = 1.
- Cmax. number of keys = 16, min. number of keys = 1.
- Dmax. number of keys = 16, min. number of keys = 8.
- Q51MCQ2 Marks·Choose one optionEnd Term · 22 Dec 2024 (FN)Key ↓
Consider a non-empty B+-tree of order 13. What are the maximum and minimum number of keys that can be placed in the root node?
- Amax. number of keys = 13, min. number of keys = 6.
- Bmax. number of keys = 12, min. number of keys = 1.
- Cmax. number of keys = 14, min. number of keys = 1.
- Dmax. number of keys = 14, min. number of keys = 7.
- Q52MCQ2 Marks·Choose one optionEnd Term · 31 Aug 2025 (FN)Key ↓
Consider a non-empty B+-tree of order 17. What are the maximum and minimum number of keys that can be placed in the root node?
- Amax. number of keys = 16, min. number of keys = 1.
- Bmax. number of keys = 17, min. number of keys = 1.
- Cmax. number of keys = 16, min. number of keys = 8.
- Dmax. number of keys = 17, min. number of keys = 8.
Type 15 · asked 2 times · Transactions & serializability
Check conflict and view serializability of a schedule
- Q53MCQ3 Marks·Choose one optionEnd Term · 22 Dec 2024 (AN)Key ↓

- AA precedence graph of the schedule is cyclic
- BThe given schedule is not view serializable
- CThe given schedule is view serializable but not conflict serializable
- DThe given schedule is view serializable and conflict serializable
- Q54MSQ3 Marks·Choose all correct optionsEnd Term · 22 Dec 2024 (FN)Key ↓

- AA precedence graph of the schedule is acyclic
- BThe given schedule is not view serializable
- CThe given schedule is view serializable but not conflict serializable
- DThe given schedule is view serializable and conflict serializable
Type 16 · asked 2 times · Transactions & serializability
Check if two schedules S1 and S2 are conflict/view equivalent
- Q55MCQ3 Marks·Choose one optionEnd Term · 22 Dec 2024 (AN)Key ↓

- AStatements 1 and 4 are correct.
- BStatements 1 and 3 are correct.
- CStatements 2 and 3 are correct.
- DStatements 2 and 4 are correct.
- Q56MSQ3 Marks·Choose all correct optionsEnd Term · 22 Dec 2024 (FN)Key ↓

- AS1 and S2 are conflict equivalent.
- BS1 and S2 are not conflict equivalent.
- CS1 and S2 are view equivalent.
- DS1 and S2 are not view equivalent.
Type 17 · asked 2 times · Normal forms & decomposition
Find tuples that must exist given a multivalued dependency
- Q57MCQ4 Marks·Choose one optionQuiz 2 · 3 Aug 2025 (AN)Key ↓

- AF = Novel, G = BookWorld, H = ReadersHub, I = Delhi, J = Mumbai
- BF = Magazine, G = BookWorld, H = ReadersHub, I = Delhi, J = Mumbai
- CF = Magazine, G = ReadersHub, H = BookWorld, I = Delhi, J = Mumbai
- DF = Novel, G = ReadersHub, H = BookWorld, I = Mumbai, J = Delhi
- Q58MSQ3 Marks·Choose all correct optionsEnd Term · 31 Aug 2025 (FN)Key ↓

- A(0,1,2,7,8)
- B(0,5,2,3,4)
- C(0,5,6,3,8)
- D(0,5,2,7,4)
Type 18 · asked 2 times · Relational model & relational algebra
Pick RA expressions for IT employees earning above 70,000
Type 19 · asked 2 times · SQL queries & their output
Find students who took no course from a given department in SQL
- Q61MCQ2 Marks·Choose one optionEnd Term · 22 Dec 2024 (AN)Key ↓

- AID and name of students who have not taken any course from Biology department
- BID and name of students who have taken courses from Biology department
- CID and name of students who have taken all the courses from Biology department
- DID and name of students who have not taken courses from other than Biology department
- Q62MSQ3 Marks·Choose all correct optionsEnd Term · 22 Dec 2024 (FN)Key ↓

- A

- B

- C

- D

- A
Type 20 · asked 2 times · SQL queries & their output
Choose SQL with GROUP BY/HAVING to find categories by product price
Type 21 · asked 2 times · SQL queries & their output
Match SQL queries (LIKE, GROUP BY, JOIN) to English questions
Type 22 · asked 2 times · SQL DDL, constraints & app development
Find the INSERT that violates CREATE TABLE constraints
Type 23 · asked 2 times · SQL DDL, constraints & app development
Count rows in insurance and nominee tables after a DELETE
Type 24 · asked 2 times · SQL DDL, constraints & app development
Find nominee table contents after INSERTs with foreign keys
Type 25 · asked 2 times · Hashing & bitmap indices
Find the column a bitmap index is built on
Type 26 · asked 2 times · Storage: disks, RAID & buffers
Compute storage efficiency of RAID-1 and RAID-4
Type 27 · asked 2 times · Storage: disks, RAID & buffers
Compute disk transfer rate from RPM, sectors and sector size
- Q77MCQ2 Marks·Choose one optionEnd Term · 22 Dec 2024 (AN)Key ↓
Consider seek time of your hard disk read head is 2ms, rotational speed is 30,000 RPM. The disk has 400 sectors/track and sector size is 128 bytes. What will be the transfer rate (KB/ms)?
- A75 KB/ms
- B25 KB/ms
- C50 KB/ms
- D100 KB/ms
- Q78MCQ2 Marks·Choose one optionEnd Term · 22 Dec 2024 (FN)Key ↓
Consider seek time of your hard disk read head is 2ms, rotational speed is 60,000 RPM. The disk has 300 sectors/track and sector size is 256 bytes. What will be the transfer rate (KB/ms)?
- A75 KB/ms
- B25 KB/ms
- C50 KB/ms
- D100 KB/ms
Type 28 · asked 2 times · Storage: disks, RAID & buffers
Time to read a file stored in non-consecutive disk sectors
- Q79NAT3 Marks·Write the numberEnd Term · 13 Apr 2025 (AN)Key ↓
Consider you have a file in your hard disk of size 1024 KB. The seek time of your hard disk read head is 4 ms, and the rotational speed is 30,000 rpm. The disk has 256 sectors per track, and each sector stores 512 bytes. Considering that the file data is stored in non-consecutive sectors, how much time will be required to read the whole file after a read request is made (in ms)?
Your answer: - Q80NAT3 Marks·Write the numberEnd Term · 13 Apr 2025 (FN)Key ↓
Consider you have a file in your hard disk of size 1000 KB. Seek time of your hard disk read head is 3ms and rotational speed in 30,000 rpm. The disk has 200 sectors per track and 512 bytes per sector. Considering the fact that the file data is stored in non consecutive sectors. How much time will be required to read the whole file after a read request is made? (in ms)
Your answer:
Type 29 · asked 2 times · B+ trees, BSTs & multilevel index
Count node splits when inserting keys into a B+ tree of order 3
Type 30 · asked 2 times · B+ trees, BSTs & multilevel index
Number of blocks at each level of a multilevel index
- Q83MCQ2 Marks·Choose one optionEnd Term · 22 Dec 2024 (AN)Key ↓
Consider a multilevel index with five levels as L1, L2, L3, L4 and L5. Let L1 be the innermost and L5 be the outermost levels. Let the index blocking factor or the maximum number of entries held by a block be 25. If the number of blocks in level L1 is 12,50,000, then how many blocks are required at L2, L3, L4 and L5?
- ANumber of blocks at L2 is 50000, Number of blocks at L3 is 2000, Number of blocks at L4 is 80, Number of blocks at L5 is 4
- BNumber of blocks at L2 is 125000, Number of blocks at L3 is 2000, Number of blocks at L4 is 80, Number of blocks at L5 is 1
- CNumber of blocks at L2 is 50000, Number of blocks at L3 is 2000, Number of blocks at L4 is 80, Number of blocks at L5 is 1
- DNumber of blocks at L2 is 125000, Number of blocks at L3 is 2500, Number of blocks at L4 is 80, Number of blocks at L5 is 4
- Q84MCQ2 Marks·Choose one optionEnd Term · 22 Dec 2024 (FN)Key ↓
Consider a multilevel index with five levels as L1, L2, L3, L4 and L5. Let L1 be the innermost and L5 be the outermost levels. Let the index blocking factor or the maximum number of entries held by a block be 50. If the number of blocks in level L1 is 62,50,000, then how many blocks are required at L2, L3, L4 and L5?
- ANumber of blocks at L2 is 125000, Number of blocks at L3 is 2500, Number of blocks at L4 is 50, Number of blocks at L5 is 1
- BNumber of blocks at L2 is 125000, Number of blocks at L3 is 2000, Number of blocks at L4 is 50, Number of blocks at L5 is 1
- CNumber of blocks at L2 is 120000, Number of blocks at L3 is 2400, Number of blocks at L4 is 40, Number of blocks at L5 is 1
- DNumber of blocks at L2 is 120000, Number of blocks at L3 is 3000, Number of blocks at L4 is 60, Number of blocks at L5 is 1
Type 31 · asked 2 times · B+ trees, BSTs & multilevel index
Best B+ tree order from key size, pointer size and block size
Type 32 · asked 2 times · Hashing & bitmap indices
Statements on static vs dynamic hashing
- Q87MSQ1 Mark·Choose all correct optionsEnd Term · 13 Apr 2025 (AN)Key ↓
Choose the correct statement(s).
- AIn static hashing, overflow is commonly handled using overflow buckets or chaining.
- BDynamic hashing is suitable for applications where the number of records is unpredictable.
- CStatic hashing is ideal when the dataset size is expected to grow significantly.
- DDynamic hashing ensures that hash table utilization remains balanced as data changes.
- Q88MSQ1 Mark·Choose all correct optionsEnd Term · 13 Apr 2025 (FN)Key ↓
Choose the correct statement(s).
- AIn static hashing, the size of the hash table remains fixed, which may lead to overflow or underutilization of space.
- BIn dynamic hashing, the hash table grows and shrinks dynamically as data is inserted or deleted.
- CStatic hashing is more efficient for applications where the number of records is expected to change frequently.
- DDynamic hashing does not handle collisions effectively compared to static hashing.
Type 33 · asked 2 times · Hashing & bitmap indices
Pick hash functions that give unique values for given keys
Type 34 · asked 2 times · B+ trees, BSTs & multilevel index
Build a BST from an insert order and answer questions about it
- Q91MSQ4 Marks·Choose all correct optionsQuiz 2 · 3 Aug 2025 (AN)Key ↓
Construct a binary search tree by inserting the values in the following order 15,14, 30, 5, 13, 19, 26, 12, 1, 6. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? Note: Consider the root node at level 0.
- AThe height of binary search tree is 6.
- BThe sum of the leaf nodes of the binary search tree is 33
- CThe nodes 12,1 and 6 are part of the left subtree of node 13.
- DNode 19 is at level 2
- Q92MCQ3 Marks·Choose one optionEnd Term · 31 Aug 2025 (FN)Key ↓

- A2
- B0
- C1
- D5
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Official answer keys from IIT Madras BS past papers. Click any question to review.
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Master Answer Key & Explanations
Official answer keys from IIT Madras BS past papers. Click any question to review.


















































